"udevadm trigger is not permitted while udev is unconfigured." - Ubuntu Linux
This happened after my last update on Xubuntu.
Basically, the solution is to try to boot somehow: either using a live CD or another kernel, if possible.
sudo update-initramfs -u -k 2.6.32-24-generic
(2.6.32-24-generic is the kernel that wouldn't boot; in terminal: ls /boot to find the list of kernels)